《诗经》比兴中的“以男女喻君臣”

On the analogy of loves in The Book of Songs

《周易》的卦爻辞中已出现"以男女喻君臣"的现象,《诗经》与《周易》的写作时间相近,类比联想的思维方式也相近,按照情理推断,《诗经》婚恋诗中也当存在"以男女喻君臣"的现象,但由于时代的久远,喻意的隐晦,目前我们尚缺乏足够的直证来证明。本文尝试根据《诗经》婚恋诗中的一些间接信息去证明我们的推断。男女之间若存在相似关系,喻女之物也可喻男,如"美人"在《诗经》中已喻指美德之君;男女、君臣之间若存在相似相关的关系,就可"以男女喻君臣",《曹风.候人》、《邶风.柏舟》都存在这种可能。

This paper is a comparative study of analogies used in The Book of Changes and The Book of Songs in love poems. The writers pinpoint the expressions that may be used for either of the loved.Namely, the figurative language is usually mutually used for the man and the woman deep in love, as for officials and their superiors. This is the case with The boat of cypress wood.