北京南站高架层人员安全疏散分析

Analyses of Pedestrian Safety Evacuation of Beijing South Station

北京南站作为大型立体化交通枢纽,在其高架层候车大厅增开了一些商业设施,但这些商业设施改变了建筑的平面布局,且存在一定的消防隐患.现以北京南站为研究对象,进行了大规模的行人特征调查,取得了行人特征的基本参数.依据调查统计分析的结果,应用紧急疏散模拟软件STEPS建立了北京南站高架层人员安全疏散模型,得到了中央候车区商铺门全部封闭、商铺门打开和无商铺三种场景下人员安全疏散的时间.作为综合交通枢纽人员安全疏散的实例,可为地下综合交通枢纽疏散预案评价及性能化防火设计等方面的工作提供一定的科学依据.

As a large three-dimensional transportation hub,the Beijing South Station,in order to improve the level of service for passengers,opened some new commercial facilities on the elevated layer waiting hall.But the commercial facilities transform the architectural layout,and have certain hidden trouble in fire control.As the research object in this paper,to obtain the basic parameters of human behaviors,large-scale investigation of pedestrian features has been carried at the Beijing South Station.By the results of statistical analysis,the models of people safety evacuation of the elevated layer in the Beijing South Station are established by using emergency evacuation simulation software STEPS（Simulation of Transient Evacuation and Pedestrian Movements）,and the safe evacuation time under the three cases has been obtained,in which all doors are close of the shops,all doors are open of the shops,and no shops in the central waiting area.As an actual example of pedestrian safety evacuation analysis for the comprehensive transportation hub,the scientific bases for the emergency prevention in comprehensive transportation hub on many aspects,such as preplan evaluation and performance-based fire protection design are provided in the paper.