铅稳定同位素示踪在铅污染研究中的应用

Application of stable lead isotopes to trace the lead pollution

人类文明史也是一部铅污染史,铅的广泛使用产生了全球性的大气、水源和地表沉积物的铅污染.铅污染造成对人体健康的危害问题已引起社会的广泛关注.铅的污染来源是多方面的,对于如何来定量确定污染源和评估污染程度仍然是一个复杂的问题.铅同位素组成特征可以有效地指示污染的来源,并可有效地评价大尺度范围内工业污染物的运移路径.随着无铅汽油的广泛使用,来源于汽油和食物中的铅污染在减弱,但来源于涂料和油漆中的铅污染越来越受到关注.

The history of human civilization is also the annals of lead pollution. The wide use of lead results in the lead pollution of atmosphere, water and surface sediments globally. Lots of harm issues to human health draw our attention to the lead pollution. Due to various sources, it is a complicated problem how to identify the source of the lead pollution and evaluate the extent of the lead pollution. There are lots of evidence indicating that the ratios of lead isotopes could trace the sources of lead pollution effectively and estimate trace out of the moving path of the industrial waste in large scale. With the use of lead-free gasoline popularly, the lead pollu- tion from the gasoline and food becomes less and less than before, but that from the paint should be paid more attention to.