1951-2008年中国主要城市风效指数的时空变化趋势

The tendency of spatial-temporal changes of wind effect index in main capital cities in China from 1951 to 2008

利用中国气象局提供的全国主要省会城市1951-2008年的逐日地面气象资料,分别计算历时58年的平均气温和风效指数(K)等,运用线性回归、Spearman秩相关和变化速率等分析气温和风效指数(K)的年代、季节以及空间分布的变化趋势。结果表明:1)1951-2008年全国主要省会城市的年平均气温呈上升趋势,变化速率为0.3℃/10a。2)历时58年,年平均风效指数(K)也呈上升趋势,变化速率为10.8/10a。3)不同季节风效指数(K)的波动范围不同,其中冬季变化幅度最大,夏季最小。其空间分布在四季当中总体呈现南高北低的态势。

Based on the meteorology data of the main capital cities in China from 1951 to 2008,average temperature and wind effect index（K） were calculated.By means of linear regression,Spearmen＇s rank correlation and change rate,the tendency of temperature and wind effect index were analyzed.The results showed that in recent 58 years,the average annual temperature of the main capital cities showed an obvious upward trend with the speed of 0.3 centigrade per ten years.Meanwhile,the average of annual wind effect index（K） also revealed the same tendency with the speed of 10.8 per ten years.The seasonal wind effect index（K） showed different variation range.The range of change was the biggest in winter while the smallest in summer.The spatial distribution revealed that wind effect index（K） was higher in southern of China,while lower in northern China all the year round.