新疆乌鲁木齐南部山区地面生地衣生态位研究

Niche of ground lichens in southern mountainous region of Urumqi,Xinjiang,China

为了确定乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统地面生地衣对资源的利用特征,采用Levins的生态位宽度计算公式和王刚提出的生态位重叠值公式,对该地区地面生地衣生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究。同时以地面生地衣生态位重叠值为指标应用主分量分析法,对地衣群落进行了分类。研究结果显示:该地区发现地面生地衣共17种,大部分的地面生地衣生态位宽度比较窄。它们组成四种主要的地面生地衣类群。地衣植物对环境的变化特别敏感。应该重视地面生地衣植物在多资源维上的生态位重叠值和生态位宽度,以便更好的保护地衣物种多样性和揭示它们的生态适应特点。

In order to understand the resource utilization characteristics of ground floor lichens we studied the niche width and niche overlaps of ground lichens in southern mountainous area of Urumqi.The niche width and niche overlaps of lichens in different sites were calculated by Levins＇s and Wang＇s equation.The results showed that seventeen ground lichens were recorded in southern mountainous area of Urumqi.Based on their niche overlaps,the ordination plot of Principal Component Analysis were drawn.As the result shows that the main ground lichens could be divided into four ecological groups and most of the ground lichen species have narrow niche width.Lichens are very sensitive to the change of microclimate,therefore pay attention to the niche width and niche overlap characteristics in multi-resources environment is very important for protection of the lichen species diversity and to show the adaptive characteristics to environment.