美国食品券项目的历史发展与运营管理

Historical Development and Operation Management of Food Stamp Program in America

食品券项目是美国联邦政府解决低收入者温饱和营养问题的重要措施,在构建社会安全网过程中发挥重要作用。食品券项目兼具福利政策、农业政策和经济政策三重功能,并具有完善的法律体系、明确的责任分工、稳定的资金来源和全面的质量控制体系。美国食品券项目半个多世纪的管理运作对中国完善低收入者保障制度具有重要借鉴意义。

The Food Stamp Program （FSP） , which has developed around the primary goal of improving food access and nutrition among low-income household members, remains an integral component of the social safety net in the United States. This paper examines historical development, program operation and management of FSP. We find that FSP in America is well operated through so-phisticated legislations and the Quality Control system, while defined roles of federal and local gov-ernments in program management enhance its efficiency and secure program funding. It is thus suggested that the administration of FSP has certain reference significance for the improvement of the low-income security system in China.