新政权与旧官僚:北伐后南京国民政府的人事递嬗

New Government and Old Bureaucrats:the Transformation of Central Government Officials

无论是帝制时代的父死子继,还是革命所造成的政权倾覆,或民主国家的政党轮替,新旧政权的更迭,都必然会对新政府的人事构成产生影响。北伐后,大批具有行政经验的"旧官僚"被纳入南京国民政府之中,在顺利实现政权更替的同时,亦有利于社会秩序的平稳过渡。然新政权使用新官僚,是为当然之事。吊诡的是,对于北伐之后的新政权而言,旧官僚固然"旧",新官僚却似乎并不太"新"。这种"新旧杂糅,亦新亦旧"的现象虽为20世纪上半叶的时代特征,但作为一个新政权却未能在官僚的人事构成上展示其新的一面,从而为其迅速沦为旧政权埋下了伏笔。

Whether it was the change of emperors in the pre- 1911 revolution time, the alteration of government due to the 1911 revolution, or the change of parties in democratic countries, the changes of government inevitably influence the construction of government officials. It is generally acceptable for new governments to employ new officials. However, what sounds strange was that in the Nanjing Na- tional Government, neither old officials nor new officials seemed new enough, and the new government could not offer a refreshing aspect in the construction of its officials. Such phenomena might be charac- teristic of the first half of the 20th century, but also brought a sense of unpredictable shadow for the new- born democratic country.