禅艺合一的心灵至境——石涛“远尘”、“脱俗”论的佛学疏解

Perfect Spiritual Realm of Syncretism of Zen and Art:A Buddhist Explanation of Shitao's Theories of"Yuanchen"and "Tuosu"

"远尘"、"脱俗"是石涛《画语录》提出的两个重要美学命题,构成了石涛美学思想中的"心灵至境"论。"远尘"论源自佛学"远尘离垢"说,意指艺术心灵之解脱"尘劳"、不粘不滞。"脱俗"论源自佛教唯识宗的"转识成智"说,意指艺术心灵之"识去智生"、空灵动荡。两者还受到禅宗的"无念"、"无住"说的影响。可以说,石涛在《画语录》中所展现的艺术心灵至境就是禅艺合一的"无念无住"之境。

＂Yuanchen＂ （keeping away from the madding crowd） and＂ Tuosu＂ （nonconformism）, two essential aesthetic propositions of Shitao＇s Huayulu, constitute the theory of Perfect Spiritual Realm of Shitao＇s aesthetics. The former, derived from the theory of ＂Yuanchen-Ligou＂ of Buddhism, means that the artistic spirit preserves its purity by keeping away from earthly irritations and the latter, derived from the theory of ＂Zhuanshi-Chengzhi＂ of Buddhist Insight Sect means that the ar- tistic spirit transforms knowledge into wisdom and is intangible. Besides, both are influenced by the theories of ＂Wunian and Wuzhu＂ of Zen. To a certain extent the perfect realm of artistic spirit which is elaborated in Shitao＇s Huayulu is the very state of ＂Wunian and Wuzhu＂, a syncretism of Zen and Art.