赵执信《铜鼓歌》考

An Investigation of Zhao Zhixin's "Song of Bronze Drum"

《铜鼓歌》是赵执信的成名作,曾轰动一时,但此诗未收入其《饴山诗集》。赵执信曾将《铜鼓歌》书赠颜光敏,是以阮元《广陵诗事》和沈可培《泺源问答》据以载入。阮元《广陵诗事》流传较广,近人读《铜鼓歌》多赖此本。《泺源问答》所收《铜鼓歌》与《广陵诗事》本虽文献同源,却有文字差异十馀处,后世对此鲜有提及。通过校勘,知《广陵诗事》本胜于《泺源问答》本。因赵执信在诗坛上的重要影响,其《铜鼓歌》在其身后屡屡被人提及。但由于后人对此诗缺乏细考,以致屡见误说。我们通过勾稽王士禛、汪懋麟、翁方纲、张之洞等人的同题诗作,考出赵氏《铜鼓歌》作于康熙二十二年(1683),铜鼓收藏者为孙蕙。此诗之所以轰动一时,与当时"三藩之乱"平息不久的社会背景有一定关系。同时,订正了相关文献中的诸多错误。

＂Song of Bronze Drum＂, which makes Zhao Zhixin famous, used to be a hit. But it was not collected in Yishan Poem Collection. Zhao Zhixin used to give ＂Song of Bronze Drum＂ to Yan Guangmin as a gift, which was recorded in Ruan Yuan＇s Anecdote in Guangling and Shen Kepei＇s Luoyuan Questions and Answers. Ruan Yuan＇s Anecdote in Guangling spread widely, for which peo- ple read Song of Bronze Drum. Although Song of Bronze Drum collected in Luoyuan Questions and Answers and that collected in Anecdote in Guangling are from the same source, they have more than ten differences, which are rarely mentioned in later years. Through emendation, we find Anecdote in Guangling is better than Luoyuan Questions and Answers. For＂ Zhao Zhixin＇s important influence in the poetic circle, his ＂Song of Bronze Drum＂ has repeatedly been mentioned. But for the lack of de- tailed study of the descendants, false statements are frequently found. Through the poems of Wang Shizhen, Wang Maolin, Weng Fanggang, and Zhang Zhidong, we infer that ＂Song of Bronze Drum＂ was written in 1683, and collected by Sun Hui. The reason why the Poem used to be so popular is re- lated to the social background shortly after the quelling of ＂the Chaos of Sanfan＂. Meanwhile, many errors in the relevant literature are corrected.