我国物权变动理论的立法选择(上)

Legislative Choice on Chinese Change of Property Right (First Half)

物权变动是物权立法政策和立法技术上的重大课题。我国物权立法对此应采取的选择是： 承认物权行为的客观存在性； 但当以债权契约为物权变动的原因关系时， 物权行为并不具有独立性， 而是被债权行为吸收； 物权的支配性特征要求物权变动以公示方法——交付 （动产） 或登记 （不动产） 为内在生效要件。这样， 物权变动过程就是意定行为（债权或物权行为） 和法定行为（交付或登记） 的结合； 在双方当事人之间， 法律赋予意定行为具有决定行为的效力； 但对善意第三人来说， 法定行为则具有决定意定行为的效力， 即赋予公示公信力来维护交易安全， 而无承认物权行为之无因性之必要。

The change of property right is an important issue in the policy and technique of the legislation. The choice that Chinese legislation of property right should make is to accept the objectivity of property act. But when the change of the property right is caused by a contract, such an act is dependent and should be absorbed by the act of the obligatory right. The feature of the property right requires public notice--delivery (moveable thing) or registration (real estate)as the validity of the change. Therefore, the process of the change is the combination of act by will and act by law, Between the parties, the law grants the act by will is an effective decision, but to an innocent third party,the act by law will enjoy the validity of the change; that is to say that, it vests the public notification to maintain the safety of the transaction.