水土保持生态补偿定量计算探究——以潘家口库区东北沟流域为例

Payments Calculation for Soil and Water Conservation Environmental Services——A Case Study of Dongbeigou Watershed in Water Source Area of Panjiakou Reservoir

水土保持生态补偿对于我国的水土流失治理意义重大,水土保持补偿标准的确定是建立生态补偿机制的核心问题。基于潘家口水库上游东北沟流域1990年和2009年土地利用数据和气候、土壤、植被、DEM及农户调查等数据,应用通用土壤侵蚀方程模型(RUSLE)计算该流域采取预防水土流失措施后的土壤侵蚀减少量,在此基础上采用环境经济学的方法核算水土保持生态功能的提供方和受益方两个主体的成本和收益,并构建了水土保持生态补偿标准计算模型,实现了水土保持生态补偿标准定量计算。结果显示:流域生态系统的年土壤保持量为6.49×104t.a-1;水土保持服务提供方损失为24.48×104元,所得收益来自减少土地损失和肥力损失的价值共计44.21×104元;水土保持服务受益方主要指下游潘家口水库所得收益来自减少泥沙淤积和减少富营养化共计84.88×104元;流域所得的补偿介于24.48×104元(222.55元/人)到46.90×104元(426.36元/人)之间。

The payments for soil and water conservation environmental services are of great importance to soil and water conservation.The payments amount is a core issue of setting up payments for environmental services（PES） scheme.In this paper,Dongbeigou Watershed in the upstream area of the Panjiakou Reservoir was selected to study PES amount related to soil and water conservation,on the basis of land use in 1990 and 2009,soil,vegetation,DEM and peasant household survey data.The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation（RUSLE） based on GIS was used to calculate the reduction of soil loss between 1990 and 2009 because of taking precaution measures against soil loss.The environmental economics approaches（nonmarket valuation methods） was applied in calculating downstream benefit from Dongbeigou Watershed providing soil and water conservation services,and Dongbeigou Watershed＇s cost and benefit in providing soil conservation services.A payment amount for soil and water conservation environmental services model was set up based on previous calculation.The results indicated that the soil loss amount decreased by 6.49×104t·a-1 from 1990 to 2009.The watershed inhabitants providing soil conservation services lost 24.48×104 yuan/a from losing developing opportunities and gained 44.21×104 yuan/a from reducing land and fertility losses.Downstream water users receiving soil and water conservation services benefited 84.88×104 yuan/a from losing siltation and eutrophication of Panjiakou Reservoir.The compensation standard was from 24.48×104 yuan（222.55 yuan per person） to 46.90×104 yuan（426.36 yuan per person）.