火灾自动报警系统可靠性研究

On the reliability of automatic fire detection and alarm systems

火灾自动报警系统主要包括火灾探测器、火灾报警控制器、减灾装置和灭火装置4部分,从这4部分分析了其工作原理。在此基础上,着重分析了误报、漏报概率较高的火灾探测系统(包括火灾探测器和火灾报警控制器)在使用过程中可能出现的失效状态。其失效的根本原因是在探测器的设计、选型与安装中出现的问题以及各类控制器和控制软件出现的问题。火灾自动报警系统在设计、安装和使用过程中出现的一些问题可能导致整个系统失效,主要包括硬件故障、系统失误和管理缺陷3类。因此,从火灾自动报警系统设计、软硬件产品质量、选型与安装及维护保养等方面给出了提高火灾自动报警系统可靠性的措施。最后应用系统安全及可靠性理论建立了包括电源系统、触发装置、报警控制装置和警报装置4个指标的火灾自动报警系统可靠度计算模型。

The present paper is focused on the research of the reliability of automatic fire detection and alarm systems in hoping to overcome the problem of false alarming,which,as a matter of fact,has still been puzzling event for the experts in this area.So far as we know,the automatic fire detection and alarm system is made up of four parts： the fire detector,the fire alarm controller,the fire-reducing device and the fire-extinguishing device.Therefore,our analysis focus has to be put on the above said four aspects so as to make clear what are the main factors that may account for the failure of the system.It is for this purpose we have proposed the problem of probability of the false alarm and omitted alarm concept,which may involve both the fire detection system and the fire alarm controller.To make it clear,we have analyzed the failure states the whole system may involve in the process of actual application.The results of our study have shown that direct reasons in such failures or troubles,including various problems of the detector design,the detection selection and installation as well as those of the controller and controlling software should account for the fundamental direct factors of the dysfunction of the system.And among the above mentioned factors that might be responsible for the failure,the primary reasons should also include three categories,that is to say,the hardware failure,the system failure and improper management.Therefore,essential measures should be taken to improve the reliability of the automatic fire detection and alarm system in design,hardware and software product quality,the selection and installation and maintenance.And,finally,we have reviewed and reformed the automatic fire detection and alarm system reliability calculation model based on the system safety and reliability theory,including the four indexes of the power supply system,the trigger device,the alarm control device and the alarming device,which can serve as a theoretical basis and guide for inspecting the overall reliability of such systems.