国际班轮运输业反垄断豁免政策和立法之态势与启示——欧盟1419/2006号规则生效后的考察

Situation and enlightenment for policies and legislations on antitrust exemption for liner shipping:an investigation after enforcement of EU Regulation No.1419/2006

为了解欧盟1419/2006号规则生效后主要航运国家和地区的班轮运输反垄断豁免政策和立法的发展,并希望有助于确定我国的相关政策和立法,选取欧盟、美国和日本进行比较研究和量化分析,总结业界反应、立法动态以及竞争方式的发展,认为给予班轮公会等定价协议反垄断豁免在一定时期仍将是主流,但联营体等运营协议的合作方式将成为国际班轮运输合作的主要形式.对于中国而言,马上取消公会的豁免未必是最好的选择,应当以有效竞争为目标,采取灵活和科学的制度设计以及建立起全面的竞争法律制度将更有利于市场良性发展.

For a better understanding of policy and legislation developments on antitrust exemption for lin- er shipping in the major shipping countries/districts since the enforcement of EU Regulation No. 1419/ 2006, and in the hope that it will help to determine the related policy and legislation in China, EU, USA and Japan are chosen for the comparative and quantitative research, and the controversies among stake- holders, the statutory developments and the competitive modes are summarized. It is concluded that liner conferences may still enjoy rate-making or rate discussion agreement antitrust exemption in certain period, but the consortium operation agreement will be the main modes for cooperation in a long run. As for China, it is not the best choice to repeal the exemption for liner conference in a sudden. Instead, with the aim of efficient competitiveness, a more flexible, scientific and systematic regulatory designing will be more favorable to shape a healthy shipping market.