中国都市“三高”“剩女”的婚恋困境研究——以电视剧《大女当嫁》为例

A Study of the Marriage Dilemma for“3S Girls” in Chinese Cities

当代都市大龄"剩女"在婚恋方面遭遇不少尴尬与困境,这与"男高女低"、"男强女弱"的婚配模式的历史形成及其所导致的两性择偶标准的差异息息相关,可运用社会学"择偶梯度理论"和"社会交换理论"予以分析。"婚姻结构性失调"是由两性择偶权的不平等导致的,"剩女"现象产生的根本原因在于父权思想和性别等级制度。因而,要解决"剩女"问题,就要改变传统的婚姻和择偶模式,改变婚姻关系中"男强女弱、男尊女卑"思想,并改变"男主外、女主内"的社会分工模式。女性只有在经济、政治生活中的地位真正得到提高,她在择偶中才能和男性处于同等地位。

This paper makes an analysis of the contemporary '3S(single,seventies and stuck) girls' in the cities in terms of their embarrassment and dilemma with marriage.The history of the traditional marriage pattern,in which the males occupy a superior and advantageous position over the females,is reviewed from the perspective of social culture.The marriage pattern has led to differences between men and women in their standards of choosing spouses.According to the 'scale spouse-choosing theory' and 'social exchange theory' of the sociology,this paper argues that the 'imbalance of marriage structure' should be attributed to the inequality between the male and female in choosing spouses.The phenomenon of '3S girls' ultimately reflects the patriarchal conception and the inequality of the male and the female.Therefore,the traditional marriage and spouse-choosing patterns must be changed before the problem of 3S girls can be solved.That is,the conception that the male is superior to and enjoy a higher status than the female must be changed;the social division of labor,which confines women to the household,must also be changed.In this way,females will enjoy a higher economic and political status and thus become equal in choosing spouses.