电石炉尾气生产化工产品的研究

Utilization of calcium carbide furance exhaust for production of chemical products

中国每年产生电石炉尾气35亿m3,目前利用集中在锅炉燃烧、烧石灰、焦炭烘干、发电等,这些都是利用电石炉尾气的燃烧热,是一种低端利用。为了解决电石炉尾气污染环境及利用效率低等问题,根据电石炉尾气的主要成分为CO,提出了将电石炉尾气经净化,并经变换等化学反应后生产醋酸、甲酸、光气、合成氨、脂肪醇、甲醇、天然气、乙二醇等化工产品。结果表明:利用电石炉尾气生产化工产品技术可行,经济效益显著,环境效益巨大,尤其是将电石炉尾气的综合利用与现有煤化工相结合,用电石炉尾气替代一部分合成气,电石炉尾气的利用价值将得到大幅提升,利用电石炉尾气生产化工产品可节省煤炭资源,减少大量的CO2排放,实现经济效益和环境效益的协同发展。

Calcium carbide furnaces produce as large as 3.5 billion stere exhaust in China, which are mainly used in boiler combustion, calcined lime production, coke drying and power generation. The efficiency of those utilization methods is extremely low because only combustion heat can be used. The major component of exhaust is carbon monoxide. In order to make better use of exhaust, the initial exhaust is treated through impurity removal process, then the treated exhaust is used to produce acetic acid, formic acid, phosgene, ammonia, fatty alcohol, methanol, natural gas, ethylene glycol and so on. The results show that this process is feasible in technical aspect and it also has obvious economic and environmental benefits. Once this process is applied in coal chemical industry, the exhaust utilization efficiency would be dramatically improved, because some kinds of synthesis gas can be replaced by exhaust. That means not so much coal resources would be consumed and carbon dioxide emission would largely decrease. This research also provides basis for the synergetic development of environment and economy.