温州市在校护生心理健康现状调查及相关因素分析

Analysis of mental health status and its related factors of nursing school students in Wenzhou

目的通过研究护理院校在校护生心理健康状况及其影响因素,为进一步采取有效的心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对720名护理院校在校护生进行整群抽样调查。结果①在校护生SCL-90中的总均分、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性各因子分均显著高于国内常模(t=5.383,10.341,4.244,7.226,8.010,7.147,P<0.001)。②在校护生心理健康依次受专业满意度、学历、家庭经济的影响(重要性依次为0.332,0.265,0.226)。③SCL-90各因子分与生活事件各因子分呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与EPQ总分、EPQ-N及EPQ-P呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与EPQ-E(除躯体化、敌对、其他外)及EPQ-L呈显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论护理院校在校护生总体心理健康状况较差,专业满意度、学历、家庭经济、生活事件、人格特征是影响心理健康的重要因素,各护理院校应积极采取因人而异的措施以提高护生的心理健康。

Objective To assess the psychological health status among nursing school students and to determine the influencing factors. Methods A total of 720 students in a nursing school were randomly selected and their psychological health were surveyed by using Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, the scale of adolescent life events （ASI.EC） and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）. Results Our analysis of SCL 90 revealed that the overall average score and scores of some of the factors as obsession, depression, anxiety, terror and psychotic problem were significantly higher compared to the national norms （t = 5. 383, 10. 341, 4. 244, 7. 226, 8.010, 7. 147, P〈0.001）.Their mental health statuses were greatly influenced by their professional satisfaction, education and family financial situation （order of importance 0. 332, 0. 265, 0. 226）. The analysis also showed that each factor score on SCL 90 was not only positively correlated with that on ASLEC （P〈0.01）, but also with EPQ total score, and score of EPQ-N and EPQ-P （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, whereas each of them was negatively correlated with that of EPQ-E （except for somatization, hostility, others） and EPQ-L （P〈0.05 or P〈0. 01）. Conclusions The overall psychological health among nursing school students is poor. Professional satisfaction, education, family income, life events and personality are major factors which influence their mental health.