长沙地区哮喘儿童高危因素调查

Investigation on risk factors for asthma in children in Changsha

目的调查长沙地区不同年龄哮喘儿童的高危因素和各年龄层主要高危因素,为长沙地区儿童哮喘的防治和管理提供流行病学依据。方法应用湖南省哮喘防治协作组制定的哮喘儿童调查问卷,据整群抽样结果,对长沙地区0～14岁600名儿童,分婴幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组三个年龄阶段分别进行问卷调查。在家长知情同意后,发放调查问卷,由家长与儿童共同完成调查问卷。由课题组成员收回,采用SPSS15.0统计学软件包进行统计。采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果通过问卷调查发现呼吸道感染是诱发各个年龄段哮喘发作的主要危险因素;婴幼儿组儿童受居住房间潮湿、天气变化、居住在主干道边等外界环境因素的影响较大(χ2=12.82,14.82,22.02,P均<0.05);学龄前组和学龄组儿童与过敏性鼻炎的发生密切相关(χ2=48.16,35.62,P均<0.05)。结论诱发哮喘的高危因素中感染因素没有年龄差异性,低龄儿童更容易受环境因素的影响,高龄儿童则受宿主和特应性影响较大。

Objective To investigate the major risk factors for asthma in children of different ages and to pro-vide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and management of this disease in Changsha. Methods 600 children with asthma aged from 0 to 14 years were selected and assigned into three groups according to the age. The questionnaires developed by Hunan Asthma Collaborative Group were answered by the parents and analyzed by SPSS 15.0. Results The analysis showed that respiratory infection was the leading risk factor of asthma in children of all ages （X2=1.91, P〉0.05）. Compared to the olders, younger children were more vulnerable to the environmental factors such as living condition, weather change and passive smoking （X2 = 12.82, P〈0.05）. Allergic history was more contributive to the development of asthma in older children （X2 =16.48, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Respiratory infection is the major risk factor of asthma in children of all ages. Asthma in younger children can be easily affected by environmental factors, while genetic background is closely related to asthma in the olders.