武术散打新规则对散打比赛导向效应的研究

Guiding Effect of the New Rules of Wushu Sanda on Sanda Competitions

通过录像分析、数理统计等方法,统计了2007年和2011年全国男子武术散打锦标赛争16强比赛的各项指标,对比分析新规则对散打比赛的导向效应。研究发现:散打技术体系的整体格局已经改变,腿法使用次数与得分贡献率跃居第一,摔法得分贡献率退居第二,拳法、下台与组合技术得分贡献率都有不同程度地增长,拳、腿、摔三大技术明显优化;摔法整体使用次数极显著下降,但大级别抱摔次数却有极大提高;摔法受到遏制使鞭腿次数与得分极显著提高,然而其单项得分过高;攻防频次、攻防次时、对峙频次明显增长,而消极搂抱次数、对峙次时极显著减小,其中攻防多于对峙,表明比赛节奏加快,主动进攻增多,激烈性增强;而间歇频次、次时增加,会影响比赛的连贯性。

Through video analysis and mathematical statistics, the statistics of all the indexes of the top 16 is conducted for the National Men＇s Sanda Championships in 2007 and 2011 to comparatively analyze the guiding effect of the new rules on Sanda competitions, with the result showing that the overall pattern of Sanda technique system has changed. The frequency of using legs and scoring contribution have leaped to the first while the scoring contribution of wrestling has been reduced to the second. The scoring contribution of fist position, descending and combined techniques has increased respectively, with the three techniques of fists, legs and wrestling remarkably optimized. The overall fre- quency of wrestling has obviously decreased, but the frequency of wrestling holds has greatly increased. The curb of wrestling enables the frequency of whip - leg and scoring to increase sharply, but its single scoring is too high. There is an obvious increase in the frequencies and times of offense and defense and confrontations, while there is an obvious de- crease of in the frequencies and times of negative holds and confrontations, among which there are more offense and de- fense, which indicates the quickened competition rhythm and the increase of active attack and the fierceness. However, the increase of intermittent frequencies and times will affect the continuity of the game.