咸鱼中的挥发性风味成分

Analysis of the volatile flavor compounds in salted-dried fish

为了探明咸鱼挥发性气味特征物质,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱—质谱联用分析技术,对柳叶鱼、红牙、小黄鱼以及带鱼等4种常见鱼的咸鱼进行萃取和分离鉴定。结果表明,这4种咸鱼的挥发性风味成分的组成和种类各不相同,分别得到105种、89种、88种以及72种挥发性风味物质(匹配度超过80%),以醛类、醇类以及烃类物质为主,总量分别占了这4种鱼的49.99%、53.09%、60.54%以及86.18%。研究表明,咸鱼的特征香气以鱼腥味、青草味-脂肪味为主;咸鱼特征风味物质是3-甲基丁醛、己醛、(z)-4-庚醛、庚醛、苯甲醛、辛醛、壬醛、1-戊烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、庚醇、三甲胺。

To survey salted-dried fishes characteristic flavor substances, the volatile compounds in four traditional salted-dried fishes, namely, karafuto-shishamo（Spirinchus lanceolatus）, tigertooth croa- ker（Otolithes rube）, little yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena polyactis）and hairtail（Trichiurus haumela）were extracted by solid phase microextraction（SPME） and further analyzed and identified by method of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）. The results showed that the compositions and kinds of vola-tile compounds were different in the four salted-dried fishes. There were 105, 89, 88 and 72 different kinds of volatile compounds with more than 80% matching degree isolated and identified. The contents of major volatile compounds were aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons, which accounted for 49.99%, 53.09%, 60.54%, and 86.18% of the total volatile compounds of the four salted-dried fishes respectively. The major odors of salted-dried fishes were confirmed as fishy, grassy-fatty which were in good agreement with pre-vious investigations. 3-methyl butanal, hexanal, （z）-4-heptenal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, 1-penten-3-ol, 3-methyl butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanol and trimethylamine, were found to be involved in the formation of characteristic flavour.