刑事证据“三性”刍议

Recognition on Competency of Criminal Evidence

刑事证据能力包含三个要素:关联性、可印证性和合法性。关联性是指从逻辑上看证据与待证事实之间有实质性联系;可印证性是指从主观经验上看证据是对客观事实的反映;合法性是指从价值上看取证主体、取证程序和证据形式合法。没有关联性或可印证性的证据首先排除有证据能力,不论其合法性有无。可印证的关联性证据具有证明力,但是否具有证据能力还需看其是否合法。证据的"三性"具有不同质性和相对独立性。

Criminal evidence contains three elements： relevancy,confirmability and legality.Relevancy refers to there is a substantial relation between evidence and the fact to be proved by logic.Confirmability refers to evidence is the reflection of the fact to be proved by subjective experience.Legality refers to the subject and procedure of obtaining evidence and the form of evidence is lawful by value.There is no competency if evidence cannot meet the requirement of relevancy and confirmability.Confirmable and relevant evidence has probative force,but whether it has evidence competency also depends on whether it can meet the requirement of legality.The ＂3-elements＂ of evidence are essentially different and relative independent to each other.