炼油厂存在的安全问题及应对措施

Security Problems Existing in Oil Refineries and Their Solutions

我国改革开放30年来,随着石油化工的快速发展,全国相继建成许多千万吨级的大型炼油厂。原有中小炼油厂大都进行了扩量改造,形成了一定的规模,原油加工量和油品质量大为提高,企业安全生产和安全管理水平也得到了很大提高。但是,随着装置规模的大型化,新建及改扩建装置近年来发生过多起未能及时控制的重大火灾爆炸事故;一些老厂加工量小,设备陈旧老化,存在缺陷,火灾爆炸和人身伤亡事故也时有发生。通过对造成重大事故的原因分析,提出了应对的安全措施,内容涉及装置设备平面布置、工艺安全设施、仪表自控、安全防护等方面。亦为天然气处理厂和化工厂设计设备平面布置等提供借鉴。

Along with rapid development of the petroleum chemical industry,one after another large oil refineries with 1000x104/a capacity have been built in China.At the same time,most of those original medium and small ones have been expanded or reformed and their crude oil processing capacity and quality of oil products have been improved greatly.However,along with rapid expansion of processing capacity,major fire and explosion accidents happen occasionally in some new-built,expanded or reformed oil refineries in recent years.Such fire and explosion accidents or personal death or injury accidents happen occasionally in some old oil refineries with small processing capacity due to their dated or ageing equipment.Analyzed are causes of major incidents and proposed are some incident prevention measures and considerations in layout of process units and equipment,instrumentation and safety protection,which will provide valuable reference for major incident prevention.