不同级配基质垂直流人工湿地对中水的净化效果分析

Analysis of Purification Effect of Different Combined Matrix in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands on Reclaimed Water

以粗炉渣、石灰石、卵石、煤矸石和碎石、粗砂作为基质材料,按不同配比分成四组,构建了垂直潜流人工湿地小试系统,以经过二级处理后的生活污水作为湿地进水,结果显示:(1)四组出水氨氮、磷、pH、溶解氧浓度显著降低,亚硝酸盐浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。其中,氨氮含量由进水的5.34mg.L-1分别降为0.95mg·L-1、1.60mg·L-1、0.83mg·L-1、1.04mg·L-1,第一组对氨氮去除效果最好,第二组去除效果较差;四组出水亚硝酸盐平均含量为0.59mg·L-1、0.44mg·L-1、0.44mg·L-1、0.57mg·L-1,都高于进水组的0.06mg·L-1;磷含量从进水的1.14mg·L-1降至0.05mg·L-1、0.06mg·L-1、0.11mg·L-1、0.07mg·L-1,第一、二、四组对磷去除效果相近,第三组效果最差。(2)试验出水养殖的红鲫、长尾鲫鱼和孔雀鱼,其成活率都达到94%以上;孔雀鱼都能正常的繁殖,且幼鱼的成活率达到83%以上。本研究结果对人工湿地基质的选择及中水处理后作为生态渔业用水的可行性具有一定的指导意义。

To research deep purification of water, make it meet the standard of ecological fishery need, six matrix materials of thick slag, limestone, pebbles, coal gangue and gravel, sand were divided into four groups and used to con- struct the small vertical-flow wetland system. The domestic sewage was precleaned in the secondary treatment system as influent water of wetland . The results showed that： （1）After the treatment in the wetland constructed in this study, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, dissolved oxygen in four test groups significantly decreased, and the nitrate concentrations significantly increased（P〈0.05）. Among them, ammonia nitrogen content reduced from 5.34mg·L-1 to0.95 mg·L-1 1, 1.60 mg·L-1 1, 0.83mg·L-1 and 1.04 mg·L-1, respectively. The removal effect of ammonia nitrogen in the first group was best, and that in the second group was poorer. The nitrite content in the four test groups were0.59 mg·L-11, 0.44 mg·L-1 1, 0.44mg·L-1 and 0.57mg·L-1 which were higher than the 0.06 mg·L-1 after the pretreatment. Phosphorus content decreased from 1.14mg·L-1 to 0.05 mg·L-1, 0.06 mg·L-1 , 0. 11 mg·L-1, 0.07 mg·L-1, which showed that the removal effects in the first, second and fourth group were similar, and that in the third group was the worst. （2） The survival rates of red crucian carp and long tail goldfish using the treated water were above 94 %, The reproduction process of Poecilia reticulata was normal, and the survival rate of its young fish was above 83%. The results of present study has certain directive significance of choice of matrix for artificial wetland and reclaimed water treated for ecological fishery.