东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)多倍体诱变初探

Preliminary Study on Polyploid Induction of Northeast yew(Taxus cuspidata)

红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)是一种天然珍稀抗癌药用植物,以东北红豆杉为材料,进行多倍体诱变研究,以期获得营养器官增大、药效成分提高的多倍体植株,改善因红豆杉资源有限造成紫杉醇稀缺的现状。采用改良初生分生组织处理法在0.2%秋水仙碱浓度下,不同处理时间(4d、6d、8d)处理东北红豆杉茎尖顶芽,对其进行多倍体诱变,并对诱变结果进行统计分析。结果表明,东北红豆杉的最佳诱变时间为6d和8d,诱变效果较好。与对照组相比,试验组生长受阻,叶形指数变小,叶色浓绿,叶片变厚且皱缩卷曲,具有明显的多倍体特征。

Northeast yew （Taxus cuspidata） is a natural and valuable medicinal plant for cancer resistantance. This research focused on polyploid induction for Northeast yew to supplement natural source for this threatened plant. The diploid apical buds were induced under three treatments （4 d, 6 d and 8 d） by improved primary meristem method of 0.2% colchicine semi-solid to obtain the best treatment time. Morphology identification was conducted between ob- tained mutants and diploid controls. The results showed that mutant rates of 6 d and 8 d were better than that of 4 d by morphology examination. Comparing with diploid controls, the growth rate of polyploid plants were slower and showed dark green, thicker, crimpled leaf and lower leaf index. Mutants have obvious polyploidy characteristics.