法兰克福学派对马克思主义理论的继承与发展——以文化批判看其理论的现实意义

On the Inheritance and Development of Marxism by Frankfurt——The Practical Significance from the Angle of Cultural Criticism

法兰克福学派继承了马克思主义的异化理论并将其发展成自己批判资本主义社会的强大理论武器。他们以"异化"与"技术理性"为切入点,从意识形态领域、大众文化、技术理性等方面深刻批判了资本主义社会异化状态下的人类畸形的生存状况。但这种批判并不是基于马克思主义科学指导下,而是陷入了主观唯心主义立场引申来的人本主义批判漩涡中,因此本质上与马克思主义革命的批判的精神背道而驰。深刻理解法兰克福学派的社会批判理论有助于我们辩证地把握当代西方马克思主义发展脉络,坚持和发展马克思主义的科学性和时代性。

Frankfurt inherited the alienation theory of Marxism and develop it into their own ~owerful theoretical weapon in criticism of capitalist society. They made ＂alienation＂ and ＂technical reason＂ as a starting point.Then from the field of ideology, popular culture, technical rationality, they criticized human＇s deformed survival status under the state of the capitalist alienation. But this criticism is not based on the Marxist scientific guidance, but drawn into the whirlpool of criticism of humanism extended from the subjective idealism. Therefore it runs counter to the spirit of Marxist revolutionary criticism in nature. Making deep understanding of Frankfurt School＇s critical theory of society helps us to grasp the development of the contemporary Western Marxism, insist and develop Marxist science in the modem society.