三星堆古城的毁弃与地震洪水灾害

On Disaster of Flood Caused by Earthquake and Destroy of Ancient Sanxingdui City

三星堆古遗址考古表明，古蜀先民建立了古蜀王国。古蜀国以其灿烂辉煌的青铜文明而举世闻名。然而，创造神奇青铜文化的古蜀王国突然消失，似乎消失得无影无踪。三星堆古城缘何被毁弃？水患说、战争说、迁徙说等等，众说纷纭。三星堆古城北邻鸭子河，马牧河由西向东贯穿全城，洪灾致使古蜀国都邑毁灭成为若干假说中，比较具有代表意义的一种。本文结合三星堆古城所处的龙门山地域．从古蜀人的生存环境分析，解读古蜀历史上的地震洪水传说与文献记载，结合“5·12”汶川大地震造成山体崩塌、堰塞湖溃决形成特大洪水的思考，认为确实是洪水灾害中断了三星堆古城文明，但不是一般的水患，而是地震造成了三星堆古城的毁弃。

The archaeology on Sanxingdui Ruins shows that the Ancient Shu people established the Ancient Kingdom of Shu which is now very famous for its splendid bronze civilization. However, the Kingdom creating the wonderful bronze civilization disappeared suddenly, even without any trace and print. How was the Ancient Sanxingdui City destroyed？ There are kinds of theories about it such as that of inundation, war, immigration, and so on. The northern side of the Ancient Sanxingdui City is Yazihe River, and the Mamuhe River goes through the middle part of the city. So the presumption that the disaster of flood destroyed the Ancient King-dom of Shu becomes one of the representative presumptions. According to the region of the Longmenshan Mountains that the City is located in and the analysis of the survival circumstance , this paper interprets the legends and the documents and files about the flood of earthquake in the history of the Ancient Kingdom of Shu. It also connects the meditation on the great flood caused by mountain collapse and the barrier lakes dur-ing the Big Wenchuan Earthquake happened on May 12, 2008. Thus the conclusion that the break-off of the Civilization of the Ancient Sanxingdui City was caused by the great flood which was not a kind of commonly- seen damage caused by water but by earthquake.