经济主体、政治权力与城市决策:伦敦、马德里和都灵的比较

The Involvement of Economic Actors in Urban Strategies in Europe

在过去十年中,为解决全球化进程中的区域竞争问题,私有经济主体已参与到欧洲一些城市的城市政策制定中。通过探讨这种现象的现实情况并探究其原因,可以研究私有经济主体的参与是如何渗透到传统上被政府所主导的城市政策的制定过程中的。通过对伦敦、马德里和都灵进行实证研究,证明了在不同城市的城市政策中,经济主体的参与程度大不相同,主要取决于多种当地因素,包括经济和政治主体的关系、动员企业过程中政府官员的积极作用以及一些企业对其所处城市"全球城市"定位的需求。

In the last decade,several European cities have experienced the involvement of private economic actors in the making of their strategies of development in order to address the territorial competition in the globalization process.This paper attempts to unravel the reality of this involvement and to understand the reasons of this participation in an exercise and a policy which have always been under the monopoly of public authorities.Drawing from the literature and from empirical studies of the cities of London,Madrid and Turin,the paper shows that the involvement of economic actors in urban strategies varies greatly from one city to the other.It also shows that this involvement depends on local factors such as the relationships between economic and political players,the active role of political executives in the mobilization of firms,but also on the importance of the 'global city' status that some firms require from the city where they are located.