中国的城市企业主义--表现形式、制度基础与影响效应

Urban Entrepreneurialism in China:Representations,Foundations and Implications

城市企业主义源于全球社会经济体系所发生的深刻变革。这种外部的影响与中国的具体背景相互交织,使中国的城市企业主义与原来意义上以提升综合竞争力为导向的城市企业主义之间具有显著的区别。通过分析2001年—2009年间的公共财政结构,揭示出一方面中国城市的税收收入主要来源于制造业和房地产业,另一方面支出则主要集中于行政管理和城市建设,而同时金融、教育和科研等具有创新元素与潜力的行业和部门却没有得到相应的重视和支持。文章进一步考察了导致这一局面的行政和财政制度,并对地方政府所采用的土地驱动型发展模式的具体策略和其可持续能力进行了研究,从而反映以城市的迅速增长为代表的中国城市企业主义尚缺乏城市综合竞争力的提升这一核心要素。最后提出了中国城市发展亟待转型的呼吁。

Urban entrepreneurialism rises from broad and profound changes in global socioeconomic systems that intersects with China's contextual factors to make its entrepreneurial cities distinguishable from the competitiveness-oriented prototype.This paper reveals the speculative action pattern of Chinese cities to extract quick and bulky revenues from manufacturing and real estate to feed the financial needs of administration and urban construction,in which innovative elements and initiatives such as finance sector,education provision and research support are not attached adequate importance.It further examines the external conditions including political and fiscal institutions as legacies of socialist state and feature of transitional economy that contributes to the identified profile of Chinese cities,and investigates the internal land-based tactics that is operated by the speculative cities.The consequence is the lack of structural competitiveness in building Chinese entrepreneurial cities.This paper questions the sustainability of this urban strategy that appears to be more speculative than entrepreneurial.