小型猪口腔黏骨膜血管的巨微解剖研究

Anatomy of Vascular System of Oral Mucoperiosteum in Miniature Pig

目的:为口腔黏骨膜瓣切口设计提供一定的血管解剖学依据。方法:采用乳胶灌注法对小型猪口腔黏骨膜供应血管的来源、分支、分布情况进行巨微解剖观察,并用墨汁灌注、组织切片法观察其微血管构筑。结果:牙龈黏骨膜血供来自前庭沟或舌颌沟深面肌层内的动脉干,其分支垂直于膜龈联合进入牙龈固有层,固有层的微血管构筑方向与上皮表面垂直。硬腭黏骨膜血供源于腭大动脉,其黏膜下层存在深浅两层血管网,以单条腭皱为单位的多级血管网络具有独特的"树"型结构。结论:涉及口腔黏骨膜手术的切口设计应依据口腔黏骨膜的血管构筑和解剖学特点决定,牙龈黏骨膜不可分层剥离,硬腭黏骨膜瓣则可适当灵活设计。

Objective： The present study was designed to explore vascular distribution characteristics in mucoperiosteum of the oral zone in order to provide vascular anatomical basis for the incision design. Methods： Three healthy mini-pigs aged 9 months were used in the study. The vascular supply sources, ramifications and distributions were investigated through latex perfusion and micro-dissection. Microvasculature was investigated through ink perfusion and histological technique. Results： Vascular supplies of the gingival mucoperiosteam came from the arteries going through the muscle layer beneath the alveolar mucosa of the oral vestibular sulcus, which issued branches toward and into the lamina propria of the gingiva vertically to the mucogingival junction. The microvascular of the lamina propria run vertically toward the surface of epithelia. The vascular supply of the hard palate mucoperiosteam was provided by major palatine artery. Double vascular network could be seen in the submucosa layer. The vasculature of the palatine plica had a dendritic structure. Conclusion： The incision design of oral mucoperiosteum flap should follow vasculature directions and anatomic features. The gingival mucoperiosteam should not be split separately into two layers when elevating the flap, while the hard palate mucoperiosteam flap could be designed flexibly.