石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区湿地生境退化与保护对策

Habitat Degradation and its Conservation Strategies in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve

从人为因素、自然环境变化及种群增长等方面分析了保护区内湿地生境质量下降、生境退化、环境阻力增大、麋鹿种群增长速度减缓的原因,并从改善生态环境、恢复湿地功能、提高单位面积的载畜量、扩大野生放养的面积等方面提出了相应的对策与建议。

Shishou Milu Nature Reserve is set up for the natural population restoration of Milu deer （Elaphurus davidianus） , and the protection of the wetland biological diversity and ecosystem with Milu deer as a flagship species. Since January 1995, 94 Milu deer had been initially translocated to the Reserve in three batches, and the population grew steadily in the following years to reach a peak of 1010 by the spring of 2010. Eventually, three different free ： living sub - populations were established separately in the core zone of Reserve, Sanheyuan wetland which is on the south side of the Yangtze River and Yangbotan wetland which is at the east of the Reserve. It is the first time to establish the free -living populations in the world. However, the human activities, environment changes and the growth of Milu population densities have lead to the reduction of the carrying capacity of the Reserve, degradation of the wetland and the deceleration of Milu deer population growth. In order to resolve these problems, some advices are proposed in this study： firstly, taking effect measures to improve ecosystem conditions, restore wetland functions and increase the carrying capacity of the Reserve; secondly, broadening the grazing area of Milu deer and setting up a long - term goal.