带有转移成本寡头垄断的二次定价及仿真

Strategies in second pricing in oligopolistic competition with switching cost

寡头垄断企业往往通过二次定价或价格歧视来获取更多的利润,尤其是后入者经常采用先低价抢占市场,再高价获取利润的策略.研究了两个寡头垄断企业二次定价的竞争.证明了定价及总利润与转移成本负相关,第一阶段实行低价策略的寡头企业会在第二阶段定价中失去部分第一阶段获取的超额市场.将第一次定价产生的转移成本看作新产品投放市场广告或市场推广等成本效果,进一步讨论了产品在毗邻位置竞争的情况,指出寡头垄断的利润主要来自转移成本.

Oligopolistic enterprises usually price their products for the second time, or use price discrimination, in order to earn more profit, especially for firms who enter the market later on. Most late comers＇ strategy is to occupy the market share first by pricing lower and then to earn more profit by raising the price. This paper is to study such competition between two oligopolistic enterprises in their second pricing. The study proves that the price and the gross profit are negatively related to the switching cost, and that the oligopoly who practices the lower price strategy at the first pricing stage would lose part of its market share at the second one. By comparing the switching cost, which is generated from the first pricing, with the cost on advertisement or promotion for the new products, the paper discusses the competition among neighboring products and points out that the profit of the oligopoly mainly comes from the switching cost.