天津地区空气污染与围生儿死亡和出生缺陷的关系

Relationship Between Air Pollution and Perineonate Death and Birth Defects in Tianjin

目的:通过回顾性流行病学调查,探讨空气污染与围生儿死亡和出生缺陷的可能联系。方法:选取天津市2002年1月—2007年12月所有国控监测点围生儿死亡和出生缺陷的资料和天津市环境监测中心环境质量报告书中空气质量状况的资料。分析不同季节、采暖期和非采暖期、城镇和农村出生缺陷、死胎、死产、7 d内死亡、≥28周治疗性引产的发生率,分析妊娠期高暴露于空气污染物是否为围生儿死亡和出生缺陷的危险因素。结果:农村死胎、死产、7 d内死亡、≥28周治疗性引产的发生率显著高于城镇(P<0.001)。不同季节、采暖期和非采暖期的出生缺陷、死胎、死产、7 d内死亡的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:空气污染物的长期恶性积累可能成为出生缺陷甚至围生儿死亡发生的隐患,对于高危因素的育龄妇女,应该避免在采暖期空气污染较重的时期妊娠。

Objective：To study the association between environmental air pollutants and perineonate mortality and birth defects by respective epidemiololgy investigation.Methods：Obtain the data of perineonate death and birth defects in national control monitor center and air quality data in environmental monitor centre of Tianjin from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007.Analyze the rate of birth defects,fetal death,stillbirth,newborn death within 7 days and induced abortion after gestation of 28 weeks for therapy in different months,seasons,heating-period and non-heating period,city and country.Statistic analysis method is used to study the risk of perineonate death exposed to higher levels of air pollution.Results：The rate of fetal death,stillbirth,newborn death within 7 days and induced abortion after gestation of 28 weeks for therapy in country is significantly higher than that in city（P0.05）.The rate of birth defects in spring（Mar,Apr,May）was the highest,while it is the lowest in summer（Jun,Jul,Aug）.Conclusions：Long-term malignant accumulated air pollutants exposure would increase the risk of birth defects and perineonate death.It is suggested that women who have high risk of abortion should not be pregnant in heating period with serious air pollution.