毛泽东论迷信:种类、对策及其效果

Mao Zedong′s Views on Superstition:Types; Countermeasures and Effects

毛泽东认为迷信的种类可以分为:对鬼神、佛菩萨、风水、因果报应的迷信和对个人、团体、国家、社会模式的迷信以及对不符合事实的理论、观点的迷信。他反对迷信,主张通过发动群众进行社会制度的变革,通过发展科学技术和学习马克思主义认识论等方式来破除迷信。毛泽东反对迷信的思想,对解放民众起到了巨大的作用。但由于他对宗教和迷信之间区别的把握不精以及在反对个人迷信上的不彻底,为后来的"左"倾错误埋下了伏笔,成为影响毛泽东破除迷信的思想发挥其应有作用的重要因素。

According to Mao Zedong,superstition can be classified into three types——those targeted at ghosts,Budda,Feng Shui and comeuppance,at individuals,organizations,states and social models,and at the theories and viewpoints that do not accord with facts.He opposed superstitions on the whole,and proposed to eradicate any of them through motivating people to reform social system,developing science and technology,and learning epistemology of Marxism.His views thereby greatly encouraged the public to oppose superstitions and get freed.Yet,his failure in discriminating superstitions from religions and from firmly opposing superstitions foreshadow his ＂left＂ mistakes later,and radically affected the due function his views on superstitions should have played.