动眼神经的显微解剖学研究及临床意义

Microanatomy and clinical significance of the oculomotor nerve

目的探讨动眼神经的走形以及与周围结构的关系并进行测量,指导临床手术。方法对10例经血管内灌注染料的成人尸头,在手术显微镜下观察两侧20例动眼神经的形态、毗邻以及滋养血管情况,并测量与周边重要结构间距离。结果动眼神经距离后床突5.13 mm±1.26 mm,动眼神经距离前床突2.42 mm±0.43 mm,动眼神经小脑幕入口与滑车神经入口距离为10.20 mm±2.71 mm,动眼神经起始部至上下支平均直径为2.41 mm±0.37 mm。结论动眼神经各段毗邻神经血管结构复杂,在多种手术中易造成动眼神经损伤,了解动眼神经的相关毗邻,对指导临床手术有重要意义。

Objective To study the running of oculomotor nerve and its relationship with surrounding structures, and to provide the guideline for the clinical practices. Methods A total of 10 adult cadaver heads with intravascular dye perfusion were observed under the operating microscope to study the morphology of bilateral oculomotor nerve and adjacent and feeding blood vessels, and measure the distance between the oculomotor and vital surrounding structures in 20 cases. Results The oculomotor nerve was 5.13 mm±1.26 mm away from posterior clinoid process, 2.42 mm ± 0.43 mm away from anterior clinoid process, 10.20 mm ± 2.71 mm away from oculomotor and trochlear nerve tentorial entrance. The average diameter of oculomotor nerve was 2.41 mm ± 0.37 mm. Conclusion Because the complicated adjacent neurovascular structures of oculomotor nerve, it is easily be injured during operation. Good understanding the adjacent structures of oculomotor nerve is helpful for the clinical practice.