广州地区流感病毒和人博卡病毒感染的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey of Influenza and Human Bocavirus Infection in Guangzhou

【目的】调查2010-2011年广州地区发热呼吸道感染病人的流感病毒(IFV)和人博卡病毒(HBoV)的流行状况和流行特点。【方法】采集2010-2011年广州市5家哨点医院共3 460例符合条件的有发热伴呼吸道感染症状患者的咽拭子标本,同时进行相关临床信息的收集和分析,采用普通和巢式PCR方法检测IFV和HBoV的核苷酸,分析IFV和HBoV的流行情况和时间、人群分布特点,对IFV和HBoV均为阳性的样本进一步进行副流感病毒等5种常见呼吸道感染病毒的检测,以了解多重感染的状况。【结果】3 460例病例中,IFV和HBoV的阳性检出率分别为21.13%和1.68%;731例IFV阳性标本中,甲、乙、丙型流感病毒(FluA、B、C)的比例为558∶172∶1,其中481例(66.75%)诊断为上呼吸道感染。58例HBoV阳性病例中44例诊断为下呼吸道感染(75.86%)。IFV和HBoV病毒的检出均与年龄关联,检出率最高的年龄组分别为15～34岁和0.5～1岁。IFV和HBoV的发病高峰分别为7～8月和5～6月。5例检出HBoV与IFV的混合感染,混合感染率为0.64%,其中1例为IFV、HBoV和人冠状病毒(HCoV)的三重感染,HBoV阳性的成人患者的混合感染率为50%。【结论】2010-2011年甲型流感病毒仍是广州地区发热呼吸道症候群的主要病原之一,青壮年检测率较高,夏季为流行高峰;人博卡病毒为全年散发,5-6月发病率较高,婴幼儿中发病率较高,成人病例中人博卡病毒与流感病毒的混合感染率较高。

[ Objective] To investigate the prevalence status and characteristics of influenza virus （IFV） and human bocaviurs （HBoV） in the patients with fever and respiratory tract infections in Guaugzhou. [Methods] A total of 3 460 throat swabs were obtained from patients with fever respiratory tract infection from 2010 to 2011 in Guangzhou, and relevant clinical information was collected and analyzed at the same time. Specimens were detected the nucleotide of IFV and HBoV by polymerase chain reaction and nested PCR, and the epidemic status, time and the population distribution characteristics of IFV and HBoV were analyzed, IFV and HBoV double positive specimens were further detected for other 5 common respiratory viruses including parainfluenza ere, to understand the status of multiple infection. [Results]The positive rate of IFV and HBoV infection were 21.13% and 1.68% respectively in 3 460 cases. In 731 IFV positive specimens the ratio for influenza A, B, C subtypes was 558：172：1, and 481 patients were diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection. In 55 HBoV positive cases, 44 were diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infection with the proportion 75.86%. The patient age of IFV and HBoV with highest positive rate was between 15-34 years old and 0.5-1 years old respectively, and the onset peak time was in July to August for IFV and May to June for HBoV. Five specimens were detected as HBoV and IFV double infection, with co-infection rate of 0.64%, and 1 speeimen was detected with IFV, HBoV, and HCoV co-infection. In HBoV positive adult patients, the co-infection rate was as high as 50%. [ Conclusion] Influenza A virus was still one of the main pathogens of respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2011, and the incidence was higher in young people and prevalence in summer season. HBoV was distributed in the whole year, and the incidence was relatively higher during May to June, and in infants and young children. In adult patients, the eoinfeetion rate of IFV and HBoV was higher.