1Patrick C. Walsh editor-in-chief Campbell′s urology.8thed. 2002. 3380-3382.
2Mugiya S, Ito T, Maruyama S, et al. Endoscopic features of impacted ureteral stones. J Urol, 2004, 171:89-91.
3Zorcher T, Hochberger J, Schrott K M,et al. In vitro study concerning the efficiency of the frequency-doubled double-pulse Neodymium: YAG laser (FREDDY) for lithotripsy of calculi in the urinary tract. Lasers Surg Med, 1999, 25: 38-42.
4Gaur D D. Laparoscopic operative retroperitoneoscopy: use of a newdevice[J]. J Urol,1992,148:1137
5Jackman S V, Docimo S G, Cadeddu J A, et al. The ‘mini-pere' technique: a less invasive alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy[J]. World J Urol, 1998, 16 : 371-374.
6Lahme S, Bichler K H, Strohmaire W H, et al. Minimally invasive PCNL in patients withrenal pelvic and calyceal stones [J]. Eur Urol, 2001, 40: 619-624.
7Gaur D D ed. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteral surgery. In Retroperitoneal Laparocsopic Urology[M]. Chapt 13. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. 106-132.
8Feyaerts A, Rietbergen J, Navarra S, et al. Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for ureteral calculi [J]. Eur Urol, 2001, 40 : 609-613.
9Skrepetis K, Doumas K, Siafakas I, et al. Laparoscopic versus open ureterolithotomy: A comparative study [J]. Eur Urol, 2001, 40 : 32-37.
10Keeley F X, Gialas I, Pillai M, et al. Laparoscopic ureterolithotimy: the Edinburgh experience[J]. BJU Int, 1999,84(7):765-769.
