脂肪干细胞及其移植治疗脑缺血的研究与应用

Development of adipose-derived stem cells and their transplantation for treatment of cerebral ischemia

背景：研究表明,脂肪干细胞移植治疗动物脑缺血可改善其神经功能.目的：复习相关文献就脂肪干细胞的生物学特性、分化能力及其在脑缺血疾病中的应用研究作一综述.方法：应用计算机检索CNKI,PubMed数据库中2005/2010关于＂脂肪干细胞及其移植治疗脑缺血的研究进展＂的文章,以＂脂肪干细胞,移植治疗,脑缺血＂为检索词进行检索,选择内容为同脂肪干细胞及其在脑缺血治疗中的应用研究相关,同一领域文章则选择近3~5年内发表的文章或权威文章.初检到的中英文共152篇,根据纳入标准选择38篇进行综述.结果与结论：脂肪干细胞其具有取材方便、来源丰富、扩增迅速、无致瘤性、低免疫原性、无伦理约束等多种优势,临床前期实验已经证实,脂肪干细胞移植可改善神经功能紊乱,缩小脑梗死区域,可促进血管新生,改善病灶区血供,并表达神经特异性标志物.实验中脂肪干细胞的移植途径及时间都不同,实验结果都证实了神经功能的改善,但其具体的治疗机制尚不清楚,仍需要扩大对脂肪干细胞移植治疗脑缺血的临床前期研究数量,进一步完善其治疗机制.

BACKGROUND： Studies show that transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） can improve the neurologica functions of animals in treatment of cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the literatures on the biological characteristics, differentiation, and applications in ischemic diseases of ADSCs. METHODS： A computer-based online search of literatures published from January 2005 to December 2010 related to the development of adipose-derived stem cells and their transplantation for treatment of cerebral ischemia was performed in CNKI database and PubMed database using the key words of ＂adipose-derived stem cells, therapy of transplant, cerebral ischemia＂. The documents associated with the development of adipose-derived stem cells and their transplantation for treatment of cerebral ischemia were selected, and those published in 35 years or in authoritative journals were preferred in the same field. Totally 152 articles in English and Chinese were obtained in initial retrieval, and 38 of them were chosen to summarize based on inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： ADSCs have many advantages including easy-to-obtain, rich resources, rapid expansion non-tumorigenesis, low immunogenicity, and non-ethical constraints. Preclinical experiments have demonstrated that transplantation of ADSCs can improve the neurological functions, reduce the region of small cerebral infarction, promote angiogenesis, and express neuron-specific markers. The improvement of neurological functions was proved in experiments with different ways and times of ADSCs transplantation, but the mechanism is still unclear. The treatment of ischemic disease by ADSCs transplantation needs more research to consummate the mechanism.