有限元分析在腰椎生物力学应用中的研究与进展

Application of finite element analysis technology in lumbar spine biomechanics

背景:有限元法运用数学形式概括脊柱的结构形状、材料性能、载荷边界条件等,通过改变其中任一参数以观察其对整个结构的影响。目的:回顾性分析腰椎有限元模型的建立方法、有限元软件在腰椎生物力学中的应用以及有限元分析在腰椎植骨融合后临近节段活动度的改变及应力改变中的应用。方法:由第一作者检索1990/2010年PubMed数据库及CNKI数据库有关有限元法在腰椎建模及腰椎不同植骨融合式对腰椎融合节段、临近节段应力改变影响等方面的文献。结果与结论:有限元分析被越来越广泛的应用于医学,并成为其重要组成部分。在脊柱方面,有限元分析可以全面了解不同植骨融合术式及各种内固定对其生物力学改变的影响,从而可以改进植骨融合术式及优化内固定器械。但有限元毕竟属于理论性的分析,未来的研究应将其与动物实验及长期临床随访相结合,从而可以很好地预测手术远期疗效,并对并发症的预防具有重要临床意义。

BACKGROUND： Mathematical form of the finite element method is used to summarize the general structure, shape, material properties, load boundary conditions of the spine, and to observe the impact on the entire structure by changing one parameter. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the establishment method of the lumbar finite element model and the application of the finite J element software in lumbar spine biomechanics, as well as the application of the finite element analysis technology in the changes of activity and stress of the adjacent segments after lumbar fusion, METHODS： PubMed database and CNKI database were used to search the articles published from 1990 to 2010 on the effect of the finite element analysis technology on the changes of stress of the lumbar fusion segments and adjacent segments after modeling of the lumbar spine and different lumbar spine fusion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Finite element analysis technology was widely used in medicine and became the important part. As for spine, the finite element analysis could fully understand the influence of different fusion and variety of fixation methods on its changes of biomechanics, which could improve fusion and optimize the fixation devices. But finite element analysis was the theoretical analysis; the future research would combine with the animal experiments and long-term clinical follow-up, which played an important clinical significance on the prediction of a good long-term efficacy of the surgery and prevention of complications.