皎然诗论的“负的方法”

Negative Method in Jiao Ran's Poetics

冯友兰在《新知言》中提出的"负的方法"有"不言而言"和"非言而言"两个层次,"不言而言"通过"不说"来"言说","非言而言"通过"说"达到"不说",二者统一于对"第一义"的语言拒斥性之中。皎然在诗论中即运用了"非言而言"中的否定形式,通过否定形式的论说达到正面阐释的目的,论说充满了启发意义的自由思考空间。中唐"即心即佛"到"非心非佛"的禅风转变对皎然否定形式"负的方法"的运用具有重大影响。

In New Idealist Philosophy, Feng Youlan proposed his negative method, the method has two grada- tions ＂express without said＂ and ＂said to achieve the goal of mollified＂. The ＂express without said＂ wanted to achieve the target to said by mollified, but ＂said to achieve the goal of mollified＂ tried to acquire the aim by no words, they unified in the attitude of refusing language. Jiao Ran used negative form in the method of ＂said to achieve the goal of mollified＂ in his poetics. The purpose of using negative form is to interpret positively and in his poetics is full of the room of free thinking. The evolutionary of Dhy^ma from ＂both mind and buddha＂ to ＂neither mind nor buddha＂ inspires Jiao Ran to use negative form in his poetics.