阎若璩与汪琬礼学论争考述

Controversy between Yan Ruoqu and Wang Wan on Ritual Theories:A Critical Review

阎若璩、汪琬为清初经学的代表人物。二人在康熙年间的礼学之争始于金石义例之辩,焦点集中在礼服学上,是清代礼学史上的第一次大论争。二人礼学观不同,研经治礼方法互异。汪琬兼采汉、宋之学,重求本义,主于律文以求"用实",不屑专事章句之学;阎若璩倡古礼以兴"古学",取法汉儒,重于考据训诂,排斥宋学,批评自朱子以来学者不事考据以致"私造典礼"之习。这场论争体现了清初礼学复兴时期的特征,对清代礼学发轫有着深远的意义。

Yan Ruoqu and Wangwan are both representatives of Confucian studies in the ear/y Qing dynas- ty （ 1644 - 1911 ）. The controversy between the two, starting from the debate on epigraphic reading and inter- pretation and focusing on the study of ceremonial dressing, is the first of its kind in the history of ritual studies in the Qing dynasty. Based on different opinions of rites, they adopt different ways of study ： Wang＇ s is an in- tegration of earlier scholars＇ methods during the Han and the Song dynasties, characterized by clinging to the original meaning, whereas Yan＇ s is the inheritance of scholars in the Han dynasty, characterized by advocacy of the ＂ancient study＂ and emphasis on semantic verification, criticizing those in the Song dynasty as ＂having coined the ritual system＂ without academic confirmation. This controversy, featuring the rise of ritual studies in the early Qing dynasty, proves of far-reaching significance to the development of ritual studies throughout the dynasty.