水准仪“i”角误差的快速检验方法

A Quick Testing Method for Level's "i" Angle Error

水准仪是通过其望远镜的视准轴和水准管的水准轴的相互平行,来获得水平视线。若二者在竖直面上的投影不平行,两投影线的交角称为"i"角误差。对水准测量而言,如果"i"角误差为零,表明水准管的水准轴水平后,望远镜的视准轴也是水平的,从而可提供水平视线,满足水准测量基本原理的要求。可见在水准测量中"i"角误差对观测结果影响很大,必须在测量工作前快速、准确地检验出"i"角误差大小,并加以校正。本文中水准仪"i"角误差的快速检验方法是在常规的检验方法的基础上,通过在距水准尺特定距离上的不同的地方安置两次水准仪,分别测出同两点间的两次高差。根据所设定的特定距离简化计算"i"角误差的公式,无须结合计算器等计算工具,可在现场直接口算出该水准仪的"i"角误差的大小及距水准仪最远水准尺上的正确读数。从而比常规检验方法更快速、方便地实现对水准仪"i"角误差的检验和校正。

We get the level of attention through level＇s telescope collimation axis and the level of the standard tube axis parallel to each other. If the two are not parallel in the vertical plane of projection, the lines projection angle is called ＂i＂angle error. For leveling, if the ＂i＂angle error is zero, it indicates that the level of quality control standards axis, the telescope collimation axis is horizontal, which can provide the level of attention to meet the requirements of the basic principles of level measure- ment. The leveling of ＂i＂angle error has a great influence on the observed results measured, therefore, the ＂i＂angle error size should be quickly and accurately tested, and corrected before leveling. Based on conventional test method, two differences in elevation between two points were measured by setting level twice in different places in a certain distance from standard scale. Depending on the particular set calculated from the simplified ＂i＂ angle error of the formula, without the aid of computational tools such as calculators, the size of ＂i＂angle error of level can be got, as well as the correct reading farthest from the level on the standard scale. Compared with conventional testing methods, this method is more faster and convenient to test and correct level s＂ i＂ angle error.