亟待平衡发展的中国经济——从统计数据看区域经济分化

China Economy of Awaiting Urgently Balanced Development:On the Regional Economic Differentiation from the Perspective of Statistical Data

本文基于历年《中国统计年鉴》提供的数据,分析、比较各省级行政区国民的经济处境及演化动态。基于可得的数据,用社会消费品零售总额和储蓄存款表征各地国民的经济处境。由于经济处境很大程度上取决于生产力,进而用地区生产总值、工业总产值和谷物产量观察了各地的生产力。更进一步从基本建设新增固定资产投资、能耗、进出口商品总值、陆地货运周转量、水运货运周转量、客运周转量的视角观察各地的生产环境。为便于区域间的比较,所有的指标都用当地人均值/全国人均值。为观察演化动态,所有的指标都利用了可得的所有年限的数据,由此观察到我国经济系统地域格局的丰富信息。上述11个指标构成了一个11维空间。用欧氏距离观察了各地的发展程度差异;用相关系数观察了各地经济结构的异同,由此看出我国经济在地域分布上的主要特征:南方农业区和北方农业矿业区提供基础资源和廉价劳力,支撑沿海工业区的运转,而沿海工业区的产品通过沿海港口城市输出。

Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook, this thesis analyzes and compares the economic situation and developmental dynamics of provincial administrative regions. On the basis of the available data, this paper unfolds the national economic situation by the total retail sales of social consuming goods and saving deposits. As the economic situation is largely depends on productivity, the paper further observes the productivity of different regions through local total output value, industrial output value and grain yield. It also observes the production environment from the perspectives of new fixed assets investment on infrastructure, energy consumption, gross import and export commodities, land transportation volume, water transportation volume and passenger cycle. For the convenience of regional comparison, the indicator is acquired by local per capita dividing national per capita. In order to observe the evolution dynamics, all these indicators make use of the data from any available year so as to show the rich information of the systematic regional pattern of the nation＇s economy. The above 11 indicators form an eleventh dimensional space, which observes the differences in the degree of de- velopment between different regions. It also observes the different structures of different economic entities, which shows the main features of China＇s economy in geographical distribution： Southern agriculture region and northern mining region provide the basic resources and cheap labor forces to support the running of coastal industry; while the products of the coastal industrial zone are exported through coastal port cities.