复杂工程系统自组织问题研究综述

A Review of Researches on the Self-organization Issue Concerning Complex Engineering Systems

随着科学技术的发展,产生了许多复杂的工程活动和复杂工程系统。这类工程的要素十分庞杂,要素之间的非线性相互作用很强,传统的工程方法已经难以应付。面对这种情况,人们开始将复杂性科学中的某些思想尤其是自组织理论应用到工程问题中来,出现了一些应对复杂工程问题的新思路和新方法。本文通过国内外文献综述,阐明了复杂工程系统的概念及特点,从三个层面评述了关于复杂工程系统自组织问题的研究进展:复杂工程系统的自性能、复杂工程系统的自组织机制以及复杂工程系统中自组织与他组织的关系。作者认为,目前基于模拟仿真而得到的研究成果在工程实践中是否有效,尚待检验;关于复杂工程系统的建构,还需要探讨一般性的原则和规律;对于复杂工程系统自性能的研究,与工程实践也有不小差距;在复杂工程系统建构过程中,如何权衡自组织与他组织之间的关系,需要重点展开研究。对于这些问题的探讨,不仅需要一般意义上的工程科学研究,也需要工程哲学研究的介入,尤其是在工程方法论层面,工程哲学可以做出自己独特的贡献。

With the development of science and technology, engineering practices have become more and more complex, which have resulted in a great deal of complex engineering systems. The elements of such systems are so numerous and jumbled, and the nonlinear interaction between the elements is so strong that traditional engineering methodology is no longer suitable to cope with such kind of engineering practices. Under such circumstances, some thoughts from complexity science, especially those of selforganization theory, have been drawn to solve the complex engineering problems. And some new ideas and methods have thus sprung out. Based on the literature review, the authors of this thesis clarify the concept of complex engineering system and its features. Besides, they also discuss the latest progress of the research on self-organization issue concerning complex engineering system from three aspects： on the self-property of complex engineering system, on the self-organizing mechanism of complex engineering system and on the relationship between self-organization and hereto-organization in complex engineering system. The effectiveness of the research from simulation still needs to be tested through the real engineering practice. The general principles and laws of constructing complex engineering system still need to be explored. The research on self-property of complex engineering system could not satisfy the need of engineering practice. And the problem of how to balance the relationship between self-organization and hetero-organization in constructive process of complex engineering system needs to be further studied. Dealing with all these problems requires not only the advancement in engineering science, but also the contribution of engineering philosophy, which is especially useful to the development of engineering methodology.