月亮女神:中英传统诗歌中月意象的一个认知隐喻

The Moon is Goddess——Cognitive Metaphors in Images of the Moon in both Chinese and English Poetry

月意象经常在中英文传统诗歌中出现,为许多著名诗人采用,具有深刻的隐喻内涵。语言学的认知转向后,隐喻的意义已不限于修辞学范畴。莱可夫(Lakoff)等认知语言学家认为,隐喻的本质是以"此物理解和体验彼物",是人类根本的思维方式之一。在这个意义上,诗歌隐喻被认为是常规隐喻的延伸,二者无本质差别。对中英文传统诗歌中的月意象进行梳理之后,不难发现这些意象的隐喻内涵有着共同的认知基础,即"女神"的神话原型。通过平行分析,建立起从源域到目标域的跨域映射,以此说明"月亮是女神"(MOON IS GODDESS)是一个对月意象进行元认知的概念隐喻,是中英文传统诗歌中月意象塑造的契合点。

The images of the moon have frequently appeared in the traditional Chinese and English poems, which have been adopted by many well-known poets and contain profound metaphorical connotations. After the cognitive turn in linguistics, the meaning of metaphor is no longer restricted under rhetoric. Lakoff and other cognitive linguists deem the nature of metaphor as ＂understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another＂. In this sense, the poetic metaphors are thought as the prolongation of conventional metaphors, thus with no fundamental differences. After studying the images of the moon in both Chinese and English traditional poems, a cognitive foundation in common mythological archetypes of ＂goddess＂ in both can be found. Through some parallel analyses, a cross-domain mapping from the source to the target can be formed to illustrate that a conceptual metaphor ＂the moon is goddess＂ functions as meta-coguition for the moon images, which accounts for an affinity of the moon images in poems across the two cultures.