棕刚玉粉尘对工人健康影响的调查及实验研究

Studies on the Effect of Brown Alundum Dust on the Health of Contaminated Workers

本文对太原砂轮厂生产棕刚玉磨料的车间进行了劳动卫生调查。车间空气中粉尘浓度波动在40.7～171.2mg/m^3,工人以20～35岁占多数,未发现尘肺患者。细胞毒性实验及大鼠染尘实验,均表明棕刚玉粉尘对巨噬细胞有破坏及有轻度致纤维化作用,但较三氧化二铝为轻。三氧化二铝为γ—Al_2O_3,经高温冶炼后的棕刚玉为α—Al_2O_3。后者较前者稳定,致病性弱,故我们建议棕刚玉粉尘的最高容许浓度为8mg/m^3。

Labor hygiene of a brown alundum grinding material workshop ofTaiyuan emery wheel factory was investigated.Concentration of alundumdust in the air of the workshop fluctuates between 40.7——171.2mg/m^3.Most workers are 20——35 years of age.No patient of pneumoconiosis wasfound.Cytotoxicological experiment and rat dust exposure experiment showedthat brown alundum dust may damage macrophage and may cause slight fibro-sis,but much less than that caused by aluminum oxide.Aluminum oxide is r—Al_2O_3,but brown alundumafter after high temperature smelting is α-Al_2O_3.The latter became more stable and less pathogenic than the former,thus we suggest that the MAC be set at 8mg/m^3.