深圳市532例道路交通事故四肢伤流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of 532 limb injuries from road traffic accidents in Shenzhen

目的通过记录分析医院急诊患者情况,探讨深圳市道路交通伤中四肢损伤的伤情特点。方法设计调查问卷,对2007年1月～2007年12月深圳市6个行政区的6家综合性医院的急诊外科四肢道路交通伤患者进行记录,并对相关数据进行分析;伤后4个月通过电话方式对患者创伤康复分级、工作恢复情况进行随访,了解患者伤后恢复情况。结果道路交通伤所致的四肢损伤532例,年龄2～80岁,其中男性平均(34.56±6.5)岁,女性平均(30.44±4.31)岁,两者比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。20～40岁为伤害发生最高发年龄段;受伤人群主要为农民工和工人(37.60%);肇事车辆主要为小型汽车(41.6%);伤害发生时间在周四(28.76%)、周五(27.82%)最多,周五存在集中趋势(r=0.1660,P<0.001);下肢为主要损伤部位,占四肢伤的64.23%。在随访病例中,80.47%恢复工作,14.42%需调换工作,5.12%不能工作。结论下肢是四肢交通伤中最易发生的部位,青壮年是主要受害者;加强交通安全教育,提高国民素质及交通安全意识是减少四肢交通伤害发生的有效手段。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of limb injuries from road traffic accidents in hospital emergency departments in Shenzhen.Methods All patients with limb injuries from road traffic accidents,who were admitted into emergency departments of 6 general hospitals of 6 administration regions in Shenzhen from Jan.2007 to Dec.2007,were recorded and analyzed.Four months after injury,the status of trauma rehabiliation and work recovery was followed up by telephone.Results From Jan.2007 to Dec.2007,totally 532 cases of limb injuries from road traffic accidents were collected,with age ranging 2-80.There were significant differences between average age of males（34.56±6.5）and females（30.44±4.31）;most injures occurred in the age group of 20-40 years;two leading occupations were migrant workers and workers（37.6%）;accidential vehicles mainly were private cars;accident incidence was highest on Thursday and Friday（respectively 28.76%,27.82%） and there was central tendency on Friday about the distribution of injury in a week（r=0.1660,P〈0.001）;the lower extremity was the most common injury stie（64.23%）.Totally 80.47% patients of road traffic injury could work as before,14.42% need change their jobs and 5.12% were not able to work.Conclusion The lower extremity is the most vulnerable part in road traffic injury,and younger adults are the majority of the victims.It is efficient measures to reduce limb injuries from road traffic accidents by further strengthening the road safety education and improving people’s quality.