286例宫颈癌患者放射治疗临床护理效果的观察

Clinical nursing care in for 286 patients with cervical cancer by treated radiotherapy

目的:探讨加强整体护理对宫颈癌放疗患者并发症的影响效果。方法:对286例宫颈癌患者行体外+腔内放射治疗,根据不同护理计划分为整体护理组100例和整体护理加强组186例,整体护理组是做好常规的以病人为中心的整体护理,加强组除了做好常规的以病人为中心的整体护理外还要加强心理护理、健康教育、饮食护理、并发症及不良反应的预防及护理。对两组放疗并发症的发生率进行比较。结果:两组住院治疗组除整体护理组2例因经济问题出院后在门诊继续行腔内放射治疗外,其余患者均在病房完成放疗计划。共有255例(89.17%)发生骨髓抑制,23例(8.04%)发生阴道并发症,17例(5.94%)发生皮肤病变,8例(2.79%)发生轻、中度放射性直肠炎,3例(1.06%)发生放射性膀胱炎,经保守治疗和药物灌注后,均得到有效控制,好转出院,未发生交叉感染。两组间并发症的发生率比较,整体护理加强组除骨髓抑制外,其他并发症发生率与整体护理组比较均有显著性差异。结论:对宫颈癌放射治疗患者做好加强整体护理措施,安排资深护士精心护理,可减轻患者放射治疗的并发症。

Objective：To explore the nursing methods in the treatment of cervical cancer by radiotherapy. Meth- ods： All 286 patients with cervical cancer were treated with external radiation combined with intracavitary radiation in our hospital were randomly divided into holistic nursing care group 100 cases and strengthen holistic nursing care group 186 cases, good psychological care, health education, diet care and prevention of complications and adverse re- actions were carried out. Results ： The patients completed the radiation therapy in the ward except for 2 patients be- cause of financial problems. Marrow depression occurred in 255 patients（ 89.17% ）, vaginal complication in 23 pa- tients（8.04% ） ,dermatie complication in 17 patients （5.94%）, mild and moderate radiation proctitis in 8 patients （2.79%）, radiation cystitis in 3 patients （ 1.05% ）, and the complications were under control by conservative treat- ment and no cross - infection occurred. There were significant differences of vaginal complication, dermatic compli- cation, radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis between two groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; while marrow depression, was not significantly different between two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion ： The effective nursing care for the cervical cancer patients treated with radiotherapy can reduce the side effects resulting from radiation therapy.