中国六省经济较好地区城乡母乳喂养婴儿体格发育纵向比较研究

A longitudinal study of urban-rural growth differences among infants fed with breast milk in six economically better areas in China

目的比较城乡母乳喂养婴儿生长发育轨迹的特点及差异。方法借鉴世界卫生组织（WHO）2006年新标准制定方法，在我国6省社会经济状况及营养状况相对较好地区，同期纵向随访1147名城市和1058名农村研究对象生后0～12个月的体重、身长、头围3项指标，随访次数共16次。随访结束后，对其中满足母乳喂养婴儿界定的497名城市和764名农村研究对象的体格发育状况进行比较分析。结果城市地区母乳喂养男、女童生后第1年体重、身长、头围分别增加了（7．13、6．60）kg，（26．9、26．1）cm，（12．4、11．9）cm；农村地区男、女童的体重、身长、头围年增长值分别为（6．70、6．20）kg，（25．7、25．0）cm，（12．4、11．8）cm。母乳喂养婴儿体重、身长、头围体格指标每月测量值的差距男童分别为110～480g、1．2～2．0cm、0．1—0．6cm，女童分别为200～510g、1．3—1．7cm、0．4—0．6cm；在体格指标每月增长值上，城市母乳喂养男童50％年龄点的体重增长较农村儿童快，女童体重及男／女童身长、头围两项指标仅17％年龄点的增长值存在城乡差异。结论母乳喂养婴儿体格发育状况的城乡差距不容乐观，男童较女童显著。农村儿童的生长发育水平仍存在较大改善空间。

Objective To understand the differences between urban and rural breast-fed infants＇ growth patterns. Methad In economically better regions of six provinces in China, 1147 urban and 1058 rural subjects were recruited by the project respectively, and their longitudinal weight, length, and head circumference were measured from birth to 12 months old. The monitoring frequency was 16 times in total. Analysis was conducted to compare the growth patterns between 497 of urban and 764 of rural subjects meeting the breast-fed babies definition by WHO. Result During the first year after birth, urban breastfeeding boys＇ weight, length, head circumference increased by 7.13 kg, 26.9 cm, and 12.4 cm respectively, and 6. 60 kg, 26. 1 cm, and 11.9 cm for girls. The corresponding values of rural population were 6. 70 kg, 25.7 cm and 12.4 cm for boys, and 6. 20 kg,25.0 cm,and 11.8 cm for girls respectively. The gaps existed in the three physical indexes between urban and rural breasffeeding babies were 110-480 g, 1.2-2.0 cm and 0. 1-0. 6 cm for boys, and 200-510 g, 1.3-1.7 cm, and 0. 4-0. 6 cm for girls. In about 50% of monitoring age points, monthly increments of urban boy＇s weight presented higher than rural samples, but only 17% for girl＇s weight, and boy/girl＇s length and head circumference. Conclusion The urban-rural regional gaps in breast-fed infants＇ physical development were not optimistic and seemed to be wider in boys than in girls. There are still large room for improvement for growth of infants in rural areas.