基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析

Spatial-temporal Difference Analysis of Cultivated Land Use Intensity Based on Emergy in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone

以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例,采用能值形态从投入指标测度耕地的利用集约度,系统分析了研究区2000-2009年间耕地的劳动力集约度、机械化集约度、化肥集约度、农药集约度和地膜集约度的时序特征,然后以这5种投入能值为基准对研究区耕地利用集约度的整体特征及其时空差异进行分析。结果表明:①10年间,鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度呈指数增加,其中农业机械集约度的比重最大,达到了99.50%以上,且逐年上升,农业机械化成为研究区农业发展的基本趋势;②耕地属于高度集约利用和低度集约利用的县(市)最多,属于精细利用和粗放利用的县(市)最少;③鄱阳湖生态经济区可划分为东部耕地精细利用区、中东部耕地低度集约利用区、中部耕地高度集约利用区、南部和北部耕地中度集约利用区5个区;④耕地利用集约度与社会经济发展水平相协调的县(市)逐年增加,社会经济发展水平对当地耕地集约利用水平影响越来越明显。

This paper introduces a measurement method for cultivated land use intensity by using indexes of farming input with its emergy terms, which is applied by taking Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone as a research object. This paper conducts an analysis of the time series feature of labor intensity, agricultural machinery intensity, fertilizer intensity, pesticide intensity and agricultural film intensity in the study area from 2000 to 2009. Then, taking the five emergy indexes as a common basis, temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land use intensity as a whole are analyzed. Results are drawn as follows. 1） In the 10-year period, cultivated land use intensity increases exponentially in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone; the agricultural machinery intensity has the largest proportion of the total inputs, exceeding 99.50%, and increases year by year, which indicates that the agricultural mechanization is the general trend of agricultural development in the zone. 2） The total number of counties belonging to highly and less intensive use of cultivated land is the largest, while that belonging to further and extensive use of cultivated land is the smallest. 3） This zone can be divided into five areas of cultivated land： eastern area with further use, central-eastern area with less intensive use, central area with highly intensive use, southern area of moderate intensive use, and northern area of moderate intensive use. 4） The counties with cultivated land use Intensity level coordinating its economic development increase year by year and the socio-economic development has more and more obviously effects on the cultivated land use intensity. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on development plan of intensive cultivated land use in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, especially in the counties at different levels of intensive land use.