MiR-183基因簇对动物感觉器官功能和发育及肿瘤发生的调控

MiR-183 MicroRNA Cluster Functions in Animal Sensory Organ Biology and Human Cancer

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度约为22 nt的内源性非编码小RNA.它们在后生动物基因组中普遍存在,通过抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译或将其降解,在转录后水平调控基因的表达.越来越多的证据表明,miRNAs在动物发育和人类疾病发生中发挥重要作用.miR-183基因簇在后口动物和原口动物中高度保守,编码miR-182、miR-96和miR-183.miR-183基因簇在动物感觉器官中特异性表达,对动物感觉器官的发育和功能至关重要.miR-183基因簇还与人类的肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和黑色素瘤等多种癌症相关.miR-183基因簇在多种肿瘤细胞中异常表达,它们通过调控与肿瘤细胞分裂和死亡相关基因,而起到促进或抑制肿瘤发生的作用.本文对miR-183基因簇miRNAs在动物感觉器官功能和发育及人类肿瘤发生中的作用进行论述.

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are small endogenous non-coding RNAs,about 22 nucleotides,which have been found in diverse animals and function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by degradation of target mRNAs or repression of their translation.MiRNAs play important roles in animal ontogeny and human disease.The miR-183 miRNA cluster consisting of miR-96,miR-182 and miR-183 is highly conserved and has been found both in deuterostomes and protostomes.It is specifically expressed in animal sensory organs and essential to the development or function of sensory organs.In addition,members of miR-183 cluster are directly involved in human cancers,including lung,liver,breast,pancreas,and melanoma.The miR-183 cluster is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors.It may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by regulating genes that control cell differentiation or apoptosis.This article reviewed the roles of this conservable miRNA cluster in animal sensory organ function and development.We also discussed the links of miR-183 cluster to human cancer.