贵州省伤寒副伤寒综合防治示范基地项目做法与体会

Practices and experience of demonstration base project for typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever comprehensive control in Guizhou

目的通过在伤寒副伤寒高发地区建立综合防治示范基地,探索综合防治措施,为贵州省伤寒副伤寒防控工作提供决策依据和实践经验,为有效控制伤寒副伤寒疫情提供科学依据。方法设置干预区和对照区,建立发热病例监测系统,对干预区实施传染病源管理、水源消毒管理、开展健康教育等综合性防治措施。结果干预区干预后发病率4.27/10万,较干预前(44.61/10万)下降90.43%,较对照区(16.29/10万)下降71.02%。结论开展发热病例监测,以病原学为依据,提高实验室诊断病例报告率,及早发现病人;加强水源消毒管理,是预防控制伤寒副伤寒等肠道传染病流行或暴发的关键环节;在学校开设健康教育课,或通过"1+2"健康教育方法是宣传传染病防治知识的最佳有效方式。

Objective To establish demonstration base in typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever high-incidence areas,explore the comprehensive measures,provide decision basis and practical experiences in order to provide scientific basis for valid control the diseases.Method Setting up intervention area and control area,construction fever cases monitoring systems,implementation infectious diseases and water disinfection management,development health education and other comprehensive control measures in the intervention area.Results After intervention,the incidence rate of intervention area was 4.27/10 million,it was decreased 90.43% than before（44.61/10 million）,and it was decreased 71.02% than control area（16.29/10 million）.Conclusions Improvement the laboratory diagnosis reporting rate and finding patients early by carrying out fever cases monitoring and strengthening the management of water disinfection were the key steps to stop the typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever prevalence and outbreak.Health education classes or 1 ＋ 2 health education method in schools were the most effective ways to transmit the knowledge about infectious diseases.